При выполнении задания использовалось следующее ПО: ####Хост ** ОС - Linux Mint 19.3 ** ** Гипервизор - VirtualBox 6.1.6** ** Средство для создания и конфигурирования виртуальной среды - Vagrant 2.2.7 ** ** Создание образа виртуальной машины - Packer 1.5.5 ** ** Система контроля версий - Git 2.26.2 **
####Виртуальная машина ** ОС - CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810**
При разворачивании конфигурации виртуальной машины в секции box.vm.provision выполняется установка необходимых для выполнения задания пакетов
box.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
yum install -y mdadm smartmontools hdparm gdisk
SHELL
Определяем наличие дисков с помощью утилиты lsblk
vagrant@raid ~$ lsblk
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
-sda1 8:1 0 40G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 250M 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 250M 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 250M 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 250M 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 250M 0 disk
Удаляем для надежности очищаем диски от каких-либо данных
sudo wipefs --all --force /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}
Выполняем сборку RAID5 из подготовленных на предыдущем шаге пяти дисков
sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 -l 5 -n 5 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e,f}
Массив успешно собран
[vagrant@raid ~]$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md0 : active raid5 sdf[5] sde[3] sdd[2] sdc[1] sdb[0]
1015808 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [5/5] [UUUUU]
unused devices: <none>
[[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun May 10 16:20:26 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 1015808 (992.00 MiB 1040.19 MB)
Used Dev Size : 253952 (248.00 MiB 260.05 MB)
Raid Devices : 5
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun May 10 16:20:38 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 5
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : raid:0 (local to host raid)
UUID : 2a16fb77:fd551255:5d90783d:3d688009
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
5 8 80 4 active sync /dev/sdf
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo -i
[root@raid ~]# mkdir -p /etc/mdadm
[root@raid ~]# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
[root@raid ~]# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Проверяем результат, в файле, в файле указана конфигурация массива - RAID10, количество дисков в нём - 5, версия формата записи данных о массиве - 1.2, название и идентификатор
[vagrant@raid etc]$ cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
DEVICE partitions
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=5 metadata=1.2 name=raid:0 UUID=2a16fb77:fd551255:5d90783d:3d688009
Проведем проверку наджености массива и симитируем поломку диска /dev/sdd
[vagrant@raid etc]$ sudo mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdd
mdadm: set /dev/sdd faulty in /dev/md0
Смотрим текущее состояние
[vagrant@raid etc]$ cat /proc/mdstat
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md0 : active raid5 sdf[5] sde[3] sdd[2](F) sdc[1] sdb[0]
1015808 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [5/4] [UU_UU]
unused devices: <none>
[vagrant@raid etc]$ sudo mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sdd
mdadm: set /dev/sdd faulty in /dev/md0
[vagrant@raid etc]$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun May 10 16:20:26 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 1015808 (992.00 MiB 1040.19 MB)
Used Dev Size : 253952 (248.00 MiB 260.05 MB)
Raid Devices : 5
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun May 10 16:24:28 2020
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : raid:0 (local to host raid)
UUID : 2a16fb77:fd551255:5d90783d:3d688009
Events : 20
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
- 0 0 2 removed
3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
5 8 80 4 active sync /dev/sdf
2 8 48 - faulty /dev/sdd
Удаляем сбойный диск
sudo mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd from /dev/md0
Добавим новый диск взамен сбойного
mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd
mdadm: added /dev/sdd
После добавления диска автоматически запускается пересборка массива
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun May 10 16:20:26 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 1015808 (992.00 MiB 1040.19 MB)
Used Dev Size : 253952 (248.00 MiB 260.05 MB)
Raid Devices : 5
Total Devices : 5
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun May 10 16:30:50 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 5
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 41% complete
Name : raid:0 (local to host raid)
UUID : 2a16fb77:fd551255:5d90783d:3d688009
Events : 29
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
6 8 48 2 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd
3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde
5 8 80 4 active sync /dev/sdf
Создадим таблицу разделов
sudo parted -s /dev/md0 mklabel gpt
Создадим разделы
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo parted /dev/md0 mkpart primary ext4 0% 20%
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo parted /dev/md0 mkpart primary ext4 20% 40%
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo parted /dev/md0 mkpart primary ext4 40% 60%
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo parted /dev/md0 mkpart primary ext4 60% 80%
[vagrant@raid ~]$ sudo parted /dev/md0 mkpart primary ext4 80% 100%
Отформатируем созданные разделы
sudo -i
for i in $(seq 1 5); do sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0p$i; done
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=512 blocks, Stripe width=2048 blocks
50200 inodes, 200704 blocks
10035 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=512 blocks, Stripe width=2048 blocks
50800 inodes, 202752 blocks
10137 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=512 blocks, Stripe width=2048 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=512 blocks, Stripe width=2048 blocks
50800 inodes, 202752 blocks
10137 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=512 blocks, Stripe width=2048 blocks
50200 inodes, 200704 blocks
10035 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
создадим точки монтирования
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/part{1,2,3,4,5}
Смонтируем разделы
sudo -i
for i in $(seq 1 5); do mount /dev/md0p$i /mnt/part$i; done
[root@raid ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@raid mnt]# ll -l
total 5
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 May 10 16:44 part1
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 May 10 16:44 part2
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 May 10 16:44 part3
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 May 10 16:44 part4
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 May 10 16:44 part5