Ch

Minimal HTTP ClickHouse client for Elixir.

Key features

RowBinary
Native query parameters
Per query settings
Minimal API

Your ideas are welcome here.

Installation

defp deps do
  [
    {:ch, "~> 0.1.0"}
  ]
end

Usage

Start DBConnection pool

defaults = [
  scheme: "http",
  hostname: "localhost",
  port: 8123,
  database: "default",
  settings: [],
  pool_size: 1,
  timeout: :timer.seconds(15)
]

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link(defaults)

Select rows

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

{:ok, %Ch.Result{rows: [[0], [1], [2]]}} =
  Ch.query(pid, "SELECT * FROM system.numbers LIMIT 3")

{:ok, %Ch.Result{rows: [[0], [1], [2]]}} =
  Ch.query(pid, "SELECT * FROM system.numbers LIMIT {$0:UInt8}", [3])

{:ok, %Ch.Result{rows: [[0], [1], [2]]}} =
  Ch.query(pid, "SELECT * FROM system.numbers LIMIT {limit:UInt8}", %{"limit" => 3})

Note on datetime encoding in query parameters:

%NaiveDateTime{} is encoded as text to make it assume the column's or ClickHouse server's timezone
%DateTime{time_zone: "Etc/UTC"} is encoded as unix timestamp and is treated as UTC timestamp by ClickHouse
encoding non UTC %DateTime{} raises ArgumentError

Insert rows

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

Ch.query!(pid, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ch_demo(id UInt64) ENGINE Null")

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) VALUES (0), (1)")

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) VALUES ({$0:UInt8}), ({$1:UInt32})", [0, 1])

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) VALUES ({a:UInt16}), ({b:UInt64})", %{"a" => 0, "b" => 1})

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) SELECT number FROM system.numbers LIMIT {limit:UInt8}", %{"limit" => 2})

Insert rows as RowBinary (efficient)

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

Ch.query!(pid, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ch_demo(id UInt64) ENGINE Null")

types = ["UInt64"]
# or
types = [Ch.Types.u64()]
# or
types = [:u64]

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) FORMAT RowBinary", [[0], [1]], types: types)

Note that RowBinary format encoding requires :types option to be provided.

Similarly, you can use RowBinaryWithNamesAndTypes which would additionally do something like a type check.

sql = "INSERT INTO ch_demo FORMAT RowBinaryWithNamesAndTypes"
opts = [names: ["id"], types: ["UInt64"]]
rows = [[0], [1]]

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} = Ch.query!(pid, sql, rows, opts)

Insert rows in custom format

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

Ch.query!(pid, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ch_demo(id UInt64) ENGINE Null")

csv = [0, 1] |> Enum.map(&to_string/1) |> Enum.intersperse(?\n)

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 2} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) FORMAT CSV", csv, encode: false)

Insert rows as chunked RowBinary stream

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

Ch.query!(pid, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ch_demo(id UInt64) ENGINE Null")

stream = Stream.repeatedly(fn -> [:rand.uniform(100)] end)
chunked = Stream.chunk_every(stream, 100)
encoded = Stream.map(chunked, fn chunk -> Ch.RowBinary.encode_rows(chunk, _types = ["UInt64"]) end)
ten_encoded_chunks = Stream.take(encoded, 10)

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 1000} =
  Ch.query(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_demo(id) FORMAT RowBinary", ten_encoded_chunks, encode: false)

This query makes a transfer-encoding: chunked HTTP request while unfolding the stream resulting in lower memory usage.

Query with custom settings

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

settings = [async_insert: 1]

%Ch.Result{rows: [["async_insert", "Bool", "0"]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SHOW SETTINGS LIKE 'async_insert'")

%Ch.Result{rows: [["async_insert", "Bool", "1"]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SHOW SETTINGS LIKE 'async_insert'", [], settings: settings)

Caveats

NULL in RowBinary

It's the same as in ch-go

At insert time, Nil can be passed for both the normal and Nullable version of a column. For the former, the default value for the type will be persisted, e.g., an empty string for string. For the nullable version, a NULL value will be stored in ClickHouse.

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

Ch.query!(pid, """
CREATE TABLE ch_nulls (
  a UInt8 NULL,
  b UInt8 DEFAULT 10,
  c UInt8 NOT NULL
) ENGINE Memory
""")

types = ["Nullable(UInt8)", "UInt8", "UInt8"]
inserted_rows = [[nil, nil, nil]]
selected_rows = [[nil, 0, 0]]

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 1} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_nulls(a, b, c) FORMAT RowBinary", inserted_rows, types: types)

%Ch.Result{rows: ^selected_rows} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT * FROM ch_nulls")

Note that in this example DEFAULT 10 is ignored and 0 (the default value for UInt8) is persisted instead.

However, input() can be used as a workaround:

sql = """
INSERT INTO ch_nulls
  SELECT * FROM input('a Nullable(UInt8), b Nullable(UInt8), c UInt8')
  FORMAT RowBinary\
"""

Ch.query!(pid, sql, inserted_rows, types: ["Nullable(UInt8)", "Nullable(UInt8)", "UInt8"])

%Ch.Result{rows: [[0], [10]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT b FROM ch_nulls ORDER BY b")

UTF-8 in RowBinary

When decoding String columns non UTF-8 characters are replaced with � (U+FFFD). This behaviour is similar to toValidUTF8 and JSON format.

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

Ch.query!(pid, "CREATE TABLE ch_utf8(str String) ENGINE Memory")

bin = "\x61\xF0\x80\x80\x80b"
utf8 = "a�b"

%Ch.Result{num_rows: 1} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_utf8(str) FORMAT RowBinary", [[bin]], types: ["String"])

%Ch.Result{rows: [[^utf8]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT * FROM ch_utf8")

%Ch.Result{rows: %{"data" => [[^utf8]]}} =
  pid |> Ch.query!("SELECT * FROM ch_utf8 FORMAT JSONCompact") |> Map.update!(:rows, &Jason.decode!/1)

To get raw binary from String columns use :binary type that skips UTF-8 checks.

%Ch.Result{rows: [[^bin]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT * FROM ch_utf8", [], types: [:binary])

Timezones in RowBinary

Decoding non-UTC datetimes like DateTime('Asia/Taipei') requires a timezone database.

Mix.install([:ch, :tz])

:ok = Calendar.put_time_zone_database(Tz.TimeZoneDatabase)

{:ok, pid} = Ch.start_link()

%Ch.Result{rows: [[~N[2023-04-25 17:45:09]]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT CAST(now() as DateTime)")

%Ch.Result{rows: [[~U[2023-04-25 17:45:11Z]]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT CAST(now() as DateTime('UTC'))")

%Ch.Result{rows: [[%DateTime{time_zone: "Asia/Taipei"} = taipei]]} =
  Ch.query!(pid, "SELECT CAST(now() as DateTime('Asia/Taipei'))")

"2023-04-26 01:45:12+08:00 CST Asia/Taipei" = to_string(taipei)

Encoding non-UTC datetimes raises an ArgumentError

Ch.query!(pid, "CREATE TABLE ch_datetimes(datetime DateTime) ENGINE Null")

naive = NaiveDateTime.utc_now()
utc = DateTime.utc_now()
taipei = DateTime.shift_zone!(utc, "Asia/Taipei")

# ** (ArgumentError) non-UTC timezones are not supported for encoding: 2023-04-26 01:49:43.044569+08:00 CST Asia/Taipei
Ch.query!(pid, "INSERT INTO ch_datetimes(datetime) FORMAT RowBinary", [[naive], [utc], [taipei]], types: ["DateTime"])

Benchmarks

INSERT 1 million rows (original)


$ MIX_ENV=bench mix run bench/insert.exs

This benchmark is based on https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go#benchmark

Operating System: macOS
CPU Information: Apple M1
Number of Available Cores: 8
Available memory: 8 GB
Elixir 1.14.4
Erlang 25.3

Benchmark suite executing with the following configuration:
warmup: 2 s
time: 5 s
memory time: 0 ns
reduction time: 0 ns
parallel: 1
inputs: 1_000_000 rows
Estimated total run time: 28 s

Benchmarking encode with input 1_000_000 rows ...
Benchmarking encode stream with input 1_000_000 rows ...
Benchmarking insert with input 1_000_000 rows ...
Benchmarking insert stream with input 1_000_000 rows ...

##### With input 1_000_000 rows #####
Name                    ips        average  deviation         median         99th %
encode stream          1.63      612.96 ms    ±11.30%      583.03 ms      773.01 ms
insert stream          1.22      819.82 ms     ±9.41%      798.94 ms      973.45 ms
encode                 1.09      915.75 ms    ±44.13%      750.98 ms     1637.02 ms
insert                 0.73     1373.84 ms    ±31.01%     1331.86 ms     1915.76 ms

Comparison: 
encode stream          1.63
insert stream          1.22 - 1.34x slower +206.87 ms
encode                 1.09 - 1.49x slower +302.79 ms
insert                 0.73 - 2.24x slower +760.88 ms

SELECT 500, 500 thousand, and 500 million rows (original)


$ MIX_ENV=bench mix run bench/stream.exs

This benchmark is based on https://github.com/ClickHouse/ch-bench

Operating System: macOS
CPU Information: Apple M1
Number of Available Cores: 8
Available memory: 8 GB
Elixir 1.14.4
Erlang 25.3

Benchmark suite executing with the following configuration:
warmup: 2 s
time: 5 s
memory time: 0 ns
reduction time: 0 ns
parallel: 1
inputs: 500 rows, 500_000 rows, 500_000_000 rows
Estimated total run time: 1.05 min

Benchmarking stream with decode with input 500 rows ...
Benchmarking stream with decode with input 500_000 rows ...
Benchmarking stream with decode with input 500_000_000 rows ...
Benchmarking stream with manual decode with input 500 rows ...
Benchmarking stream with manual decode with input 500_000 rows ...
Benchmarking stream with manual decode with input 500_000_000 rows ...
Benchmarking stream without decode with input 500 rows ...
Benchmarking stream without decode with input 500_000 rows ...
Benchmarking stream without decode with input 500_000_000 rows ...

##### With input 500 rows #####
Name                                ips        average  deviation         median         99th %
stream with decode               4.69 K      213.34 μs    ±12.49%      211.38 μs      290.94 μs
stream with manual decode        4.69 K      213.43 μs    ±17.40%      210.96 μs      298.75 μs
stream without decode            4.65 K      215.08 μs    ±10.79%      213.79 μs      284.66 μs

Comparison:
stream with decode               4.69 K
stream with manual decode        4.69 K - 1.00x slower +0.0838 μs
stream without decode            4.65 K - 1.01x slower +1.74 μs

##### With input 500_000 rows #####
Name                                ips        average  deviation         median         99th %
stream without decode            234.58        4.26 ms    ±13.99%        4.04 ms        5.95 ms
stream with manual decode         64.26       15.56 ms     ±8.36%       15.86 ms       17.97 ms
stream with decode                41.03       24.37 ms     ±6.27%       24.39 ms       26.60 ms

Comparison:
stream without decode            234.58
stream with manual decode         64.26 - 3.65x slower +11.30 ms
stream with decode                41.03 - 5.72x slower +20.11 ms

##### With input 500_000_000 rows #####
Name                                ips        average  deviation         median         99th %
stream without decode              0.32         3.17 s     ±0.20%         3.17 s         3.17 s
stream with manual decode        0.0891        11.23 s     ±0.00%        11.23 s        11.23 s
stream with decode               0.0462        21.66 s     ±0.00%        21.66 s        21.66 s

Comparison:
stream without decode              0.32
stream with manual decode        0.0891 - 3.55x slower +8.06 s
stream with decode               0.0462 - 6.84x slower +18.50 s

CI Results (click the latest workflow run and scroll down to "Artifacts")

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 240 Commits
.github		.github
bench		bench
lib		lib
test		test
.formatter.exs		.formatter.exs
.gitignore		.gitignore
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
mix.exs		mix.exs
mix.lock		mix.lock

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Ch

Key features

Installation

Usage

Start DBConnection pool

Select rows

Insert rows

Insert rows as RowBinary (efficient)

Insert rows in custom format

Insert rows as chunked RowBinary stream

Query with custom settings

Caveats

NULL in RowBinary

UTF-8 in RowBinary

Timezones in RowBinary

Benchmarks

About

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infleet/ch

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Ch

Key features

Installation

Usage

Start DBConnection pool

Select rows

Insert rows

Insert rows as RowBinary (efficient)

Insert rows in custom format

Insert rows as chunked RowBinary stream

Query with custom settings

Caveats

NULL in RowBinary

UTF-8 in RowBinary

Timezones in RowBinary

Benchmarks

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