feat(linux/debian): initial commit

Linux/Debian.md

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+# Debian
+
+Goal of debian is to provide a highly stable, "free" operating system (the user is however able to install non-free components).
+[Debian provides their own definition of "free"][1], which seems mostly compatible with the [GNU definition of "free"][2].
+]Debian provides its own list of reasons to use][3].
+
+`bookworm` is the current release ("stable")—also called Debian 12, which was released on 10 June 2023.
+The latest point release from `bookworm` is Debian 12.6, released on 29 June 2024.
+`trixie` is the next release ("testing"), and will be Debian 13.
+It does not yet have a scheduled release date.
+Packages that have been backported from `trixie` to `bookworm` are available on what's referred to as "backports", which can be added as a separate package source in `/etc/apt/sources.list`.
+
+Being a highly stable OS, many newly-released devices with new chipsets or internal products may be "too new" to run Debian stable without modification.
+This happens to be the case with the Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon (12th gen) laptop.
+
+## Debian-Kernel package matrix
+
+Debian 12 currently ships with Linux Kernel 6.1.99 (`linux-image-6.1.99-amd64`).
+Debian 12 `backports` contains Linux Kernel 6.9.7 (`linux-image-6.9.7+bpo-amd64`). https://packages.debian.org/source/bookworm-backports/linux-signed-amd64
+Debian `trixie` contains Linux Kernel 6.9.12 (`linux-image-6.9.12-amd64`). https://packages.debian.org/source/trixie/linux-signed-amd64
+
+TODO:
+
+- What is a metapackage?
+
+## Images
+
+https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/debian-installer/
+
+### netinst images
+
+### CD/DVD Images
+
+These images are a metaphor for when users would literally insert a CD or DVD into their optical disk to boot and install Debian, and as such are capacity-limited to those storage mediums.
+The DVD images usually contain enough packages for
+
+## Apt preferences
+
+https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList
+https://wiki.debian.org/AptConfiguration
+
+## GNOME vs XFCE?
+
+Desktop environments.
+Both can be installed simultaneously.
+
+## Goal: Run Debian 12 on a Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon (12th gen)
+
+### Debian 12 Stable Vanilla
+
+An initial attempt ino
+
+https://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=158270
+
+#### Intel WiFi Microcode
+
+#### Sof-sound
+
+### Kernel Support
+
+### Compiling an ISO image (Live Builds?)
+
+https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/index.en.html
+
+[1]: https://www.debian.org/intro/free
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
+[3]: https://www.debian.org/intro/why_debian