feat: add rabbitMQ basic content

docs/.vitepress/config.ts

@@ -349,6 +349,14 @@ export default {
 						{ text: '操作动态配置文件', link: '/knowledge-deposition/Nacos/操作动态配置文件'},
 					]
 				},
+				{
+					text: 'RabbitMQ',
+					collapsible: false,
+					collapsed: false,
+					items: [
+						{ text: '基本概念和安装启动', link: '/knowledge-deposition/RabbitMQ/基本概念和安装启动'},
+					]
+				},
 			],
 			'/algorithm/': [
 				{

docs/knowledge-deposition/RabbitMQ/基本概念和安装启动.md

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+---
+layout: doc
+---
+
+# 安装启动和基本使用
+
+## 简介
+
+- [官方网站](https://www.rabbitmq.com/)
+
+> `RabbitMQ`是一款可靠且成熟的消息传递和流媒体代理，可以轻松部署在云环境、本地环境以及本地计算机上
+
+
+## 核心概念
+
+> `RabbitMQ`是一个`消息代理`(broker)：它接受并转发消息
+
+> 可以把它想象成是一个`邮局`：我们把要寄出的信件放入邮箱时，可以确信邮递员最终会将信件送到收件人手中
+> 在这个类比中，`RabbitMQ`就像`一个邮箱`、`一个邮局`和`一名邮递员`
+
+> 它有以下几个重要的概念：
+
+1. `message`：RabbitMQ`接收`、`存储`和`转发`=>`二进制数据块`—-也就是`message`
+2. `Producer`：生产者是消息的发送方，它将消息发送到`RabbitMQ`的交换器（`Exchange`）中
+3. `Exchange`：
+4. `Queue`：
+5. `Consumer`：
+
+
+## 安装和启动
+
+- [RabbitMQ各个版本的时间排布](https://www.rabbitmq.com/release-information)
+
+- [Docker社区镜像](https://hub.docker.com/_/rabbitmq/)
+
+### Docker启动
+
+> 直接使用`docker run`来启动一个`image`
+
+:::tip
+- `3.13-management`版本自带了`web管理界面`
+:::
+
+```shell
+docker run -it --rm --name rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:3.13-management
+```
+
+> 或者使用`docker-compose`
+
+```shell
+version: "2.8"
+services:
+  RabbitMQ:
+    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
+    container_name: RabbitMQ
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "5672:5672"
+      - "15672:15672"
+```
+
+## 使用`homebrew`安装启动教程
+
+- Mac[安装教程](https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/install-homebrew)
+
+## 简单示例
+
+> 原理如图所示：
+
+![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mx52jing/image-hosting/main/images/RabbitMQ/rabbitMQ-single-single.png)
+
+- 这里使用[Go语言](https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-go)演示
+
+
+:::tip
+- RabbitMQ支持多种协议，我们使用`AMQP 0-9-1`，这是一种用于消息传递的开放通用协议
+
+- 有许多不同语言的RabbitMQ客户端，我们使用`Go amqp`客户端
+:::
+
+> 初始化项目并下载依赖
+
+```shell
+go mod init <your-module-name>
+go get github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go
+```
+
+写一个错误处理的通用函数
+
+```Go
+// FailOnError a helper function to check the return value for each amqp call
+func FailOnError(err error, msg string) {
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panicf("【%s】: %s", msg, err)
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### 生产者(Producer)
+
+1. 连接RabbitMQ服务
+
+```Go
+// 1. connect to the RabbitMQ
+conn, err := amqp091.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
+shared.FailOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
+defer conn.Close()
+```
+
+2. 开启一个`channel`
+
+```Go
+// 2. open a channel
+ch, err := conn.Channel()
+shared.FailOnError(err, "create channel error")
+defer ch.Close()
+```
+
+:::warning
+- 这里的`ch`不是go原生的channel，而是一个`AMQP channel`
+
+```Go
+func (c *Connection) Channel() (*Channel, error)
+```
+:::
+
+3. 声明一个队列，并发送消息
+
+```Go
+// 3. declare a queue，it will only be created if it doesn't exist already
+queue, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
+    "first_queue", // queue name
+    false,         // durable
+    false,         //delete when unused
+    false,         //exclusive
+    false,         // no-wait
+    nil,           // arguments
+)
+shared.FailOnError(err, "declare queue error")
+
+withTimeoutCtx, cancelFunc := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 6*time.Second)
+defer cancelFunc()
+// declare a message to be sent
+messageBody := "hello, I am the first message, you have received me"
+err = ch.PublishWithContext(
+    withTimeoutCtx,
+    "",         //exchange name
+    queue.Name, // routing key
+    false,      // mandatory
+    false,      //immediate
+    amqp091.Publishing{
+        Body:        []byte(messageBody),
+        ContentType: "text/plain",
+    },
+)
+shared.FailOnError(err, "Publish error")
+log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s\n", messageBody)
+```
+
+:::warning
+- 这里的`queue`只有不存在时才会被创建，但是`Producer`和`Consumer`的代码中都要声明，因为不知道`Producer`和`Consumer`哪个会先启动
+:::
+
+### 消费者/接收者(Consumer)
+
+> 我们启动一个Consumer，然后让其一直监听是否有可接收的匹配消息
+
+1. 和`Producer`一样，都需要`创建链接`、`channel`、`声明队列`
+
+```Go
+// 1、create connection
+conn, err := amqp091.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
+shared.FailOnError(err, "create connection error")
+defer conn.Close()
+
+// open a channel
+ch, err := conn.Channel()
+shared.FailOnError(err, "open a channel error")
+defer ch.Close()
+
+// 3、declare queue
+queue, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
+    "first_queue",
+    false,
+    false,
+    false,
+    false,
+    nil,
+)
+shared.FailOnError(err, "declare queue error")
+```
+
+2. 消费消息
+
+```Go
+// 4、consume message
+message, err := ch.Consume(
+    queue.Name,
+    "",    // consumer
+    true,  // auto-ack
+    false, // exclusive
+    false, // no-local
+    false, // no-wait
+    nil,   // args
+)
+shared.FailOnError(err, "consume queue message error")
+waitCh := make(chan struct{})
+go func() {
+    for msg := range message {
+        log.Printf("Received a message: %s \n", msg.Body)
+    }
+}()
+log.Printf(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C")
+<-waitCh
+```
+
+:::tip
+- 为了能持续接受到消息，这里使用`channel`做锁
+:::
+
+
+## 完整代码
+
+:::tip
+- 这个例子中`Producer`和`Consumer`通过`命名队列`来确定发送和接受的消息
+:::
+
+> `send.go`
+
+```Go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go"
+	"go-rabbitmq/shared"
+	"log"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func connectAndSendMessage() {
+	// 1. connect to the RabbitMQ
+	conn, err := amqp091.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// 2. open a channel
+	ch, err := conn.Channel()
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "create channel error")
+	defer ch.Close()
+
+	// 3. declare a queue，it will only be created if it doesn't exist already
+	queue, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
+		"first_queue", // queue name
+		false,         // durable
+		false,         //delete when unused
+		false,         //exclusive
+		false,         // no-wait
+		nil,           // arguments
+	)
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "declare queue error")
+
+	withTimeoutCtx, cancelFunc := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 6*time.Second)
+	defer cancelFunc()
+	// declare a message to be sent
+	messageBody := "hello, I am the first message, you have received me"
+	err = ch.PublishWithContext(
+		withTimeoutCtx,
+		"",         //exchange name
+		queue.Name, // routing key
+		false,      // mandatory
+		false,      //immediate
+		amqp091.Publishing{
+			Body:        []byte(messageBody),
+			ContentType: "text/plain",
+		},
+	)
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "Publish error")
+	log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s\n", messageBody)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	connectAndSendMessage()
+}
+```
+
+> `receive.go`
+
+```Go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go"
+	"go-rabbitmq/shared"
+	"log"
+)
+
+func createReceiverAndReceiveMessage() {
+	// 1、create connection
+	conn, err := amqp091.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "create connection error")
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// open a channel
+	ch, err := conn.Channel()
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "open a channel error")
+	defer ch.Close()
+
+	// 3、declare queue
+	queue, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
+		"first_queue",
+		false,
+		false,
+		false,
+		false,
+		nil,
+	)
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "declare queue error")
+	// 4、consume message
+	message, err := ch.Consume(
+		queue.Name,
+		"",    // consumer
+		true,  // auto-ack
+		false, // exclusive
+		false, // no-local
+		false, // no-wait
+		nil,   // args
+	)
+	shared.FailOnError(err, "consume queue message error")
+	waitCh := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		for msg := range message {
+			log.Printf("Received a message: %s \n", msg.Body)
+		}
+	}()
+	log.Printf("[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C")
+	<-waitCh
+}
+
+func main() {
+	createReceiverAndReceiveMessage()
+}
+```