Mutual TLS

go-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/connect-advanced.adoc

@@ -101,6 +101,81 @@ You can switch users at both xref:query-simple.adoc#impersonation[query level] a
 `TokenManager` implementations and providers must not interact with the driver in any way, as this can cause deadlocks and undefined behavior.
 
 
+[#mtls]
+[role=label--new-5.27 label--not-on-aura]
+== Mutual TLS (client-side certificates as 2FA)
+
+Mutual TLS (mTLS) allows you to use a client certificate as second factor for authenticating with the server.
+The certificate can only be used together with an authentication token and is not a replacement of regular authentication, unless authentication is disabled on the server.
+
+The client's certificate and public key must be placed in the server's `<NEO4J_HOME>/certificates/bolt/trusted` directory. For more information on server setup, see link:https://neo4j.com/docs/operations-manual/current/security/ssl-framework/#ssl-bolt-config[Configure SSL over Bolt].
+
+[NOTE]
+For mTLS to work, the driver's connection with the server must be encrypted, i.e. the xref:_connection_protocols_and_security[connection URI scheme] must be either `+s` or `+ssc` (ex. `neo4j+s://example.com:7687`).
+
+[.tabbed-example]
+=====
+[.include-with-static-certificate]
+======
+Use link:https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j/auth#NewStaticClientCertificateProvider[`auth.NewStaticClientCertificateProvider()`] for static certificates. +
+The method takes a link:https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j/auth#ClientCertificate[`ClientCertificate`] instance.
+
+[source, go, test-skip]
+----
+certProvider, err := auth.NewStaticClientCertificateProvider(auth.ClientCertificate {
+  CertFile: "path/to/cert.pem",
+  KeyFile:  "path/to/key.pem",
+  Password: "theCertPassword",
+})
+if err != nil {
+  log.Fatalf("Failed to load certificate: %v", err)
+}
+_, _ = neo4j.NewDriverWithContext(dbUri, neo4j.BasicAuth(dbUser, dbPassword, ""), func(config *config.Config) {
+  config.ClientCertificateProvider = certProvider
+})
+----
+
+======
+[.include-with-rotating-certificate]
+======
+
+Use link:https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j/auth#NewRotatingClientCertificateProvider[`auth.NewRotatingClientCertificateProvider()`] for rotating certificates. +
+The method takes a link:https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j/auth#ClientCertificate[`ClientCertificate`] instance.
+
+[source, go, test-skip]
+----
+password := "theCertPassword"
+certProvider, err := auth.NewRotatingClientCertificateProvider(auth.ClientCertificate {
+  CertFile: "path/to/cert.pem",
+  KeyFile:  "path/to/key.pem",
+  Password: &password,
+})
+if err != nil {
+  log.Fatalf("Failed to load certificate: %v", err)
+}
+_, _ = neo4j.NewDriverWithContext(dbUri, neo4j.BasicAuth(dbUser, dbPassword, ""), func(config *config.Config) {
+  config.ClientCertificateProvider = certProvider
+})
+// use the driver a bit...
+// when it's time to rotate the certificate...
+err = provider.UpdateCertificate(auth.ClientCertificate {
+  CertFile: "path/to/new_cert.pem",
+  KeyFile:  "path/to/new_key.pem",
+  Password: &password,
+})
+if err != nil {
+  log.Fatalf("Failed to update certificate: %v", err)
+}
+// use the driver again...
+----
+
+======
+=====
+
+
+For more information, see link:https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j/auth#ClientCertificateProvider[API docs -> `ClientCertificateProvider`].
+
+
 == Custom address resolver
 
 When creating a `DriverWithContext` object, you can specify a _resolver_ function to resolve the connection address the driver is initialized with.

java-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/connect-advanced.adoc

@@ -118,6 +118,68 @@ You can switch users at both xref:query-simple.adoc#impersonation[query level] a
 `AuthTokenManager` objects must not interact with the driver in any way, as this can cause deadlocks and undefined behavior.
 
 
+[#mtls]
+[role=label--new-5.27 label--not-on-aura]
+== Mutual TLS (client-side certificates as 2FA)
+
+Mutual TLS (mTLS) allows you to use a client certificate as second factor for authenticating with the server.
+The certificate can only be used together with an authentication token and is not a replacement of regular authentication, unless authentication is disabled on the server.
+
+The client's certificate and public key must be placed in the server's `<NEO4J_HOME>/certificates/bolt/trusted` directory. For more information on server setup, see link:https://neo4j.com/docs/operations-manual/current/security/ssl-framework/#ssl-bolt-config[Configure SSL over Bolt].
+
+[NOTE]
+For mTLS to work, the driver's connection with the server must be encrypted, i.e. the xref:_connection_protocols_and_security[connection URI scheme] must be either `+s` or `+ssc` (ex. `neo4j+s://example.com:7687`).
+
+Use link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/java-driver/current/org.neo4j.driver/org/neo4j/driver/ClientCertificateManagers.html[`ClientCertificateManagers.rotating()`] for both static and rotating certificates. +
+The method takes a link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/java-driver/current/org.neo4j.driver/org/neo4j/driver/ClientCertificates.html[`ClientCertificate`] instance. +
+For rotating certificates, use the `.rotate()` method; static certificates don't need to be updated.
+
+[.tabbed-example]
+=====
+[.include-with-static-certificate]
+======
+
+[source, java, test-skip]
+----
+var certificateFile = new File("/path/to/cert.pem");
+var privateKeyFile = new File("/path/to/key.pem");
+var keyPassword = "password";  // optional
+var certificate = ClientCertificates.of(certificateFile, privateKeyFile, keyPassword);
+var certificateManager = ClientCertificateManagers.rotating(certificate);
+try (var driver = GraphDatabase.driver(dbUri, AuthTokens.basic(dbUser, dbPassword), certificateManager)) {
+    // use the driver
+}
+----
+
+======
+[.include-with-rotating-certificate]
+======
+
+[source, java, test-skip]
+----
+var certificateFile = new File("/path/to/cert.pem");
+var privateKeyFile = new File("/path/to/key.pem");
+var keyPassword = "password";  // optional
+var certificate = ClientCertificates.of(certificateFile, privateKeyFile, keyPassword);
+// instantiate the rotating certificate with an initial one
+var certificateManager = ClientCertificateManagers.rotating(certificate);
+try (var driver = GraphDatabase.driver(dbUri, AuthTokens.basic(dbUser, dbPassword), certificateManager)) {
+    // use the driver...
+    // ... until it's time to rotate the certificate
+    var updatedCertificate = ClientCertificates.of(
+        new File("/path/to/new/cert.pem")
+        new File("/path/to/new/key.pem"),
+        "newPassword"  // optional
+    );
+    certificateManager.rotate(updatedCertificate);
+    // use the driver some more - new connections are opened with the new certificate
+}
+----
+
+======
+=====
+
+
 == Logging
 
 By default, the driver logs `INFO` messages through the Java logging framework `java.util.logging`.

javascript-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/connect-advanced.adoc

@@ -120,6 +120,68 @@ You can switch users at both xref:query-simple.adoc#impersonation[query level] a
 `AuthManagers` (including provider functions passed to `expirationBasedAuthTokenManager()`) must not interact with the driver in any way, as this can cause deadlocks and undefined behavior.
 
 
+[#mtls]
+[role=label--new-5.27 label--not-on-aura]
+== Mutual TLS (client-side certificates as 2FA)
+
+Mutual TLS (mTLS) allows you to use a client certificate as second factor for authenticating with the server.
+The certificate can only be used together with an authentication token and is not a replacement of regular authentication, unless authentication is disabled on the server.
+
+The client's certificate and public key must be placed in the server's `<NEO4J_HOME>/certificates/bolt/trusted` directory. For more information on server setup, see link:https://neo4j.com/docs/operations-manual/current/security/ssl-framework/#ssl-bolt-config[Configure SSL over Bolt].
+
+[NOTE]
+For mTLS to work, the driver's connection with the server must be encrypted, i.e. the xref:_connection_protocols_and_security[connection URI scheme] must be either `+s` or `+ssc` (ex. `neo4j+s://example.com:7687`).
+
+[.tabbed-example]
+=====
+[.include-with-static-certificate]
+======
+Use the driver configuration option link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/javascript-driver/current/class/lib6/types.js~Config.html#instance-member-clientCertificate[`clientCertificate`] to provide the certificate information as an object.
+
+[source, javascript, test-skip]
+----
+const driver = neo4j.driver(URI, neo4j.auth.basic(USER, PASSWORD), {
+   clientCertificate: {
+      certfile: '/path/to/cert.cert',
+      keyfile: '/path/to/cert.pem',
+      password: 'the_key_password' // optional
+   }
+})
+----
+
+======
+[.include-with-rotating-certificate]
+======
+
+Instantiate the certificate object via link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/javascript-driver/current/class/lib6/client-certificate.js~ClientCertificateProviders.html[`clientCertificateProviders.rotating`] and provide it when instantiating the driver via the configuration option link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/javascript-driver/current/class/lib6/types.js~Config.html#instance-member-clientCertificate[`clientCertificate`].
+
+[source, javascript, test-skip]
+----
+const initialClientCertificate: {
+  certfile: '/path/to/cert.cert',
+  keyfile: '/path/to/cert.pem',
+  password: 'the_key_password' // optional
+}
+const clientCertificateProvider = neo4j.clientCertificateProviders.rotating({
+    initialCertificate: initialClientCertificate
+})
+const driver = neo4j.driver(URI, MY_CREDENTIALS, {
+   clientCertificate: clientCertificateProvider
+})
+// use the driver...
+// ... until it's time to update the certificate
+clientCertificateProvider.updateCertificate({
+  certfile: '/path/to/new_cert.cert',
+  keyfile: '/path/to/new_cert.pem',
+  password: 'the_new_key_password' // optional
+})
+// use the driver some more
+----
+
+======
+=====
+
+
 == Custom address resolver
 
 When creating a `Driver` object, you can specify a _resolver_ function to resolve the connection address the driver is initialized with.

python-manual/modules/ROOT/pages/connect-advanced.adoc

@@ -107,6 +107,104 @@ You can switch users at both xref:query-simple.adoc#impersonation[query level] a
 `AuthManagers` (including provider functions passed to `AuthManagers.expiration_based()`) must not interact with the driver in any way, as this can cause deadlocks and undefined behavior.
 
 
+[#mtls]
+[role=label--new-5.27 label--not-on-aura]
+== Mutual TLS (client-side certificates as 2FA)
+
+Mutual TLS (mTLS) allows you to use a client certificate as second factor for authenticating with the server.
+The certificate can only be used together with an authentication token and is not a replacement of regular authentication, unless authentication is disabled on the server.
+
+The client's certificate and public key must be placed in the server's `<NEO4J_HOME>/certificates/bolt/trusted` directory. For more information on server setup, see link:https://neo4j.com/docs/operations-manual/current/security/ssl-framework/#ssl-bolt-config[Configure SSL over Bolt].
+
+[NOTE]
+For mTLS to work, the driver's connection with the server must be encrypted, i.e. the xref:_connection_protocols_and_security[connection URI scheme] must be either `+s` or `+ssc` (ex. `neo4j+s://example.com:7687`).
+
+[.tabbed-example]
+=====
+[.include-with-static-certificate]
+======
+Use link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/python-driver/current/api.html#neo4j.auth_management.ClientCertificateProviders.static[`ClientCertificateProviders.static()`] for static certificates. +
+The method takes a link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/python-driver/current/api.html#neo4j.auth_management.ClientCertificate[`ClientCertificate`] instance, which takes the same parameters as Python's link:https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain[`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain()`].
+
+[source, python, test-skip]
+----
+import neo4j
+from neo4j.auth_management import (
+    ClientCertificate,
+    ClientCertificateProviders,
+)
+URI = "<URI for Neo4j database>"
+AUTH = ("<Username>", "<Password>")
+cert_provider = ClientCertificateProviders.static(
+    ClientCertificate(
+        # path to certificate
+        "path/to/cert.pem",
+        # path to private key (optional; needed if certificate does not contain private key too)
+        "path/to/key.pem",
+        # password to decrypt private key (can be function or string) (optional)
+        lambda: "password",
+    )
+)
+with neo4j.GraphDatabase.driver(
+    URI,
+    auth=AUTH,
+    client_certificate=cert_provider,
+) as driver:
+    ...
+----
+
+======
+[.include-with-rotating-certificate]
+======
+
+Use link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/python-driver/current/api.html#neo4j.auth_management.ClientCertificateProviders.rotating[`ClientCertificateProviders.rotating()`] for rotating certificates. +
+The method takes a link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/python-driver/current/api.html#neo4j.auth_management.ClientCertificate[`ClientCertificate`] instance.
+
+[source, python, test-skip]
+----
+import neo4j
+from neo4j.auth_management import (
+    ClientCertificate,
+    ClientCertificateProviders,
+)
+URI = "<URI for Neo4j database>"
+AUTH = ("<Username>", "<Password>")
+cert_provider = ClientCertificateProviders.rotating(
+    ClientCertificate(
+        # path to public certificate to load
+        "path/to/cert.pem",
+        # path to private key to load
+        "path/to/key.pem",
+        # password to decrypt private key (can be a function or string)
+        # see also Python's ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain()
+        lambda: "password",
+    )
+)
+driver = neo4j.GraphDatabase.driver(
+   URI
+   auth=(USERNAME, PASSWORD),
+   client_certificate=cert_provider
+)
+# use the driver...
+# ... until the certificate needs to be rotated
+cert_provider.update_certificate(
+    ClientCertificate(
+        certfile="path/to/new/cert.pem",
+        keyfile="path/to/new/key.pem",
+        password=lambda: "new_super_secret_password"
+    )
+)
+# use the driver again, until the certificate needs to be
+# rotated again
+# ...
+----
+
+======
+=====
+
+For more information, see link:https://neo4j.com/docs/api/python-driver/current/api.html#neo4j.auth_management.ClientCertificateProvider[API docs -> `ClientCertificateProvider`].
+
+
 == Custom address resolver
 
 When creating a `Driver` object, you can specify a _resolver_ function to resolve any addresses the driver receives ahead of DNS resolution.