Merge pull request #411 from ontologyportal/J20250106

more hardness scale and fixes on UnitOfArea

Geography.kif

@@ -614,22 +614,18 @@ Dry land areas, including islands, are not part of any &%WaterOnlyArea.")
 (documentation SquareKilometer EnglishLanguage "&%SquareKilometer represents a 
 &%UnitOfMeasure equal to one square kilometer.")
 
-;(equal
-;  (MeasureFn 1.0 SquareKilometer)
-;  (MultiplicationFn
-;    (MeasureFn 1.0
-;      (KiloFn Meter))
-;    (MeasureFn 1.0
-;      (KiloFn Meter))))
-
-(=>
-  (equal ?NUM
-    (MultiplicationFn 1.0 ?NUM))
-  (equal
-    (MeasureFn ?NUM SquareKilometer)
-    (MeasureFn
-      (MultiplicationFn ?NUM 1000000.0) SquareMeter)))
+(equal SquareKilometer (SquareUnitFn (KiloFn Meter)))
+(equal SquareKilometer (SquareUnitFn Kilometer))
 
+; the following codes are redundant
+;(=>
+;  (equal ?NUM
+;    (MultiplicationFn 1.0 ?NUM))
+;  (equal
+;    (MeasureFn ?NUM SquareKilometer)
+;    (MeasureFn
+;      (MultiplicationFn ?NUM 1000000.0) SquareMeter)))
+;
 ;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ;; E. Area - comparative
@@ -668,7 +664,6 @@ is represented by (&%comparativeArea &%France &%lessThan 2.0 &%Colorado).")
       (MultiplicationFn ?FACTOR ?NUM2) 
       ?UNIT)))
 
-
 ;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ;; F. Land boundaries
@@ -3946,25 +3941,13 @@ speed.  One &%KnotUnitOfSpeed is equal to one &%NauticalMile per one
 (instance SquareMeter UnitOfArea)
 (documentation SquareMeter EnglishLanguage "&%SquareMeter represents a &%UnitOfMeasure 
 equal to one square &%Meter.")
-
-;(equal
-;  (MeasureFn 1.0 SquareMeter)
-;  (MultiplicationFn
-;    (MeasureFn 1.0 Meter)
-;    (MeasureFn 1.0 Meter)))
-
-(instance SquareUnitFn UnaryFunction)
-(domain SquareUnitFn 1 UnitOfMeasure)
-(range SquareUnitFn UnitOfMeasure)
-
-(documentation SquareUnitFn EnglishLanguage "(&%SquareUnitFn ?UNIT) denotes the 
-&%UnitOfMeasure that is the square of the &%UnitOfMeasure ?UNIT. 
-For example, (&%SquareUnitFn (&%KiloFn &%Meter)) denotes the unit 
-of a square kilometer.")
-
 (equal SquareMeter (SquareUnitFn Meter))
-(equal SquareKilometer (SquareUnitFn (KiloFn Meter)))
 
+(instance SquareMillimeter UnitOfArea)
+(documentation SquareMillimeter EnglishLanguage "&%SquareMillimeter represents a &%UnitOfMeasure 
+equal to one square &%Millimeter.")
+(equal SquareMillimeter (SquareUnitFn Millimeter))
+
 (subclass LandForm GeographicArea)
 (documentation LandForm EnglishLanguage "A &%LandForm is the class of geographically and/or geologically 
 distinct areas that occur on Earth's surface, including mountains, hills, plains, valleys, 

Mid-level-ontology.kif

@@ -13839,10 +13839,33 @@ Tonnage capacity of &%Ships.")
     (MeasureFn ?NUMBER LongTon)
     (MeasureFn (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 2240.0) PoundMass)))
 
+(instance SquareUnitFn UnaryFunction)
+(documentation SquareUnitFn EnglishLanguage "(&%SquareUnitFn ?UNIT) denotes the 
+&%UnitOfMeasure that is the square of the &%UnitOfMeasure ?UNIT. 
+For example, (&%SquareUnitFn (&%KiloFn &%Meter)) denotes the unit 
+of a square kilometer.")
+(domain SquareUnitFn 1 UnitOfMeasure)
+(range SquareUnitFn UnitOfMeasure)
+
+(=>
+  (and
+    (instance ?UNIT UnitOfMeasure)
+    (equal ?SQUAREUNIT
+      (SquareUnitFn ?UNIT)))
+  (exists (?NUM)
+    (and
+      (instance ?NUM RealNumber)
+    (equal
+      (MeasureFn ?NUM ?SQUAREUNIT)
+      (MeasureFn
+        (MultiplicationFn ?NUM ?NUM) ?UNIT)))))
+
 (instance SquareFoot UnitOfArea)
-(documentation CubicFoot EnglishLanguage "&%SquareFoot is a unit for measuring area,
+(documentation SquareFoot EnglishLanguage "&%SquareFoot is a unit for measuring area,
 equal to one foot length by one foot width.")
 
+(equal SquareFoot (SquareUnitFn FootLength))
+
 ;(equal
 ;  (MeasureFn 1.0 SquareFoot)
 ;  (MultiplicationFn
@@ -13854,6 +13877,15 @@ equal to one foot length by one foot width.")
 equal to a volume of one foot length in each dimension of length, width,
 and height.")
 
+(=>
+    (equal ?NUMBER
+        (MultiplicationFn 1.0 ?NUMBER))
+    (equal
+        (MeasureFn ?NUMBER CubicFoot)
+        (MeasureFn
+            (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER
+              (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER ?NUMBER)) FootLength)))
+
 ;(equal
 ;  (MeasureFn 1.0 CubicFoot)
 ;  (MultiplicationFn
@@ -13907,25 +13939,25 @@ equal to a volume of 100 cubic feet.")
 (instance Acre UnitOfArea)
 (documentation Acre EnglishLanguage "A &%UnitOfMeasure equal to 4840 square yards.")
 
+(=>
+    (equal ?NUMBER
+        (MultiplicationFn 1.0 ?NUMBER))
+    (equal
+        (MeasureFn ?NUMBER Acre)
+        (MeasureFn
+            (MultiplicationFn 4840.0 ?NUMBER) SquareYard)))
+
 (instance SquareMile UnitOfArea)
 (documentation SquareMile EnglishLanguage "&%SquareMile represents a &%UnitOfMeasure
 equal to one square &%Mile.")
 
-(equal
-  (MeasureFn 1.0 SquareMile)
-  (PerFn
-    (MeasureFn 1.0 Mile)
-    (MeasureFn 1.0 Mile)))
+(equal SquareMile (SquareUnitFn Mile))
 
 (instance SquareYard UnitOfArea)
 (documentation SquareYard EnglishLanguage "&%SquareYard represents a &%UnitOfMeasure
 equal to one square &%YardLength.")
-
-(equal
-  (MeasureFn 1.0 SquareYard)
-  (PerFn
-    (MeasureFn 1.0 YardLength)
-    (MeasureFn 1.0 YardLength)))
+
+(equal SquareYard (SquareUnitFn YardLength))
 
 (instance creator BinaryPredicate)
 (domain creator 1 AutonomousAgent)

development/Transport_2024.kif

@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ for use as flooring.  For hardwood flooring, the test usually requires an 80 mm
 (3 in × 6 in) sample with a thickness of at least 6–8 mm, and the most commonly used test is 
 the ASTM D1037.[Wikipedia]")
 (termFormat EnglishLanguage JankaHardnessFn "Janka Hardness")
-(format EnglishLanguage JankaHardnessFn "The Janka Hardness rate of %1 is" )
+(format EnglishLanguage JankaHardnessFn "The Janka Hardness of %1 is" )
 (domainSubclass JankaHardnessFn 1 BotanicalTree) 
 (range JankaHardnessFn ConstantQuantity)
 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ the ASTM D1037.[Wikipedia]")
     (MeasureFn ?X PoundForce)
     (JankaHardnessFn ?CLASS))
   (modalAttribute
-    (exists (?T ?W ?P ?B ?H ?S ?Y)
+    (exists (?T ?W ?P ?B ?H ?S)
       (and
         (instance ?T ?CLASS)
         (part ?W ?T)
@@ -516,6 +516,185 @@ not by fluorite, its hardness on the Mohs scale would be between 4 and 5. [Wikip
 ;;
 ;; Vickers Hardness Scale
 ;;
+(instance VickersHardnessFn UnaryFunction)
+(documentation VickersHardnessFn EnglishLanguage "(&%VickersHardnessFn ?SUB) returns as its value
+in Kg/mm2. The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland 
+at Vickers Ltd. The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) 
+or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). A diamond in the form of a square-based pyramid was established to 
+be the indenter. The included angle between plane faces of the indenter tip from each face normal to the
+horizontal plane is established to be 22 degree on each side. The HV number is then determined by the 
+ratio F/A, where F is the force applied to the diamond in kilograms-force and A is the surface area 
+of the resulting indentation in square millimeters.[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage VickersHardnessFn "Vickers Hardness")
+(format EnglishLanguage VickersHardnessFn "The Vickers Hardness of %1 is" )
+(domainSubclass VickersHardnessFn 1 Substance) 
+(range VickersHardnessFn FunctionQuantity)
 
+(=>
+  (equal
+    (MeasureFn
+      (PerFn
+        (MeasureFn ?F KilogramForce)
+        (MeasureFn ?A SquareMillimeter)) VickersPyramidNumber)
+    (VickersHardnessFn ?CLASS)) 
+  (modalAttribute
+    (exists (?SUB ?P ?D ?H ?S)
+      (and
+        (instance ?SUB ?CLASS)
+        (instance ?P Pushing)
+        (destination ?P ?SUB)
+        (instance ?D Diamond)
+        (shape ?D SquarePyramid)
+        (patient ?P ?D)
+        (result ?P ?H)
+        (instance ?H HoleRegion)
+        (part ?H ?SUB)
+        (surface ?S ?H)
+        (totalArea ?S (MeasureFn ?A SquareMillimeter))                
+        (measure ?P (MeasureFn ?F KilogramForce)))) Likely))
+
+(instance VickersPyramidNumber CompositeUnitOfMeasure)
+(documentation VickersPyramidNumber EnglishLanguage "(&%VickersPyramidNumber (HV) or Diamond Pyramid 
+Hardness (DPH) is the unit of hardness given by Vickers Hardness test.The HV number is then determined 
+by the ratio F/A, where F is the force applied to the diamond in &%KilogramForce and A is the surface 
+area of the resulting indentation in square millimeters. Vickers hardness number (usually given without 
+units), which is in fact one kilogram-force per square millimeter (1 kgf/mm2).[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage VickersPyramidNumber "Vickers pyramid number")
+
+(instance KilogramForce CompositeUnitOfMeasure)
+(documentation KilogramForce EnglishLanguage "(The kilogram-force (kgf or kgF), or kilopond (kp, from Latin: 
+pondus, lit. 'weight'), is a non-standard gravitational metric unit of force. The kilogram-force is equal 
+to the magnitude of the force exerted on one kilogram of mass in a 9.80665 m/s2 gravitational field.That 
+is, it is the weight of a kilogram under standard gravity. One kilogram-force is defined as 9.80665 N.
+[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage KilogramForce "kilogram force")
+
+(equal
+  (MeasureFn ?NUMBER KilogramForce)
+  (MeasureFn
+    (MultiplicationFn ?NUMBER 9.80665) Newton))
+
+(subclass Polyhedron ThreeDimensionalFigure)
+(documentation Polyhedron EnglishLanguage "In geometry, a &%Polyhedron is a &%ThreeDimensionalFigure
+with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices.[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage Polyhedron "polyhedron")
+
+(=>
+  (and
+    (instance ?P Polyhedron)
+    (faceOfFigure ?F1 ?P)
+    (instance ?F1 Polygon)
+    (sideOfFigure ?S ?F1))   
+  (exists (?F2)
+    (and
+      (instance ?F2 Polygon)
+      (faceOfFigure ?F2 ?P)
+      (not
+        (equal ?F1 ?F2))
+      (sideOfFigure ?S ?F2)
+      (sideOfIntersection ?F1 ?F2 ?S))))
+
+(=>
+  (instance ?P Polyhedron)
+  (greaterThanOrEqualTo
+    (CardinalityFn
+      (KappaFn ?F
+        (faceOfFigure ?F ?P))) 4))
+
+(instance faceOfFigure BinaryPredicate)
+(relatedInternalConcept faceOfFigure sideOfFigure)
+(documentation faceOfFigure EnglishLanguage "(faceOfFigure ?FACE ?FIGURE) 
+means that the two &%TwoDimensionalFigure ?FACE is a face of GeometricFigure ?FIGURE.")
+(domain faceOfFigure 1 TwoDimensionalFigure)
+(domain faceOfFigure 2 GeometricFigure)
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage faceOfFigure "face of figure")
+(format EnglishLanguage faceOfFigure "%1 is the face of Figure %2" )
+(subrelation faceOfFigure geometricPart)
+
+(=>
+  (instance ?P Polyhedron)
+  (exists (?F)
+    (and
+      (faceOfFigure ?F ?P)
+      (geometricPart ?F ?P))))
+
+(instance sideOfIntersection TernaryPredicate)
+(relatedInternalConcept sideOfIntersection pointOfIntersection)
+(documentation sideOfIntersection EnglishLanguage "(sideOfIntersection ?FIGURE1 ?FIGURE2 ?SIDE) 
+means that the two figures ?FIGURE1 ?FIGURE2 meet at the side ?SIDE.")
+(domain sideOfIntersection 1 TwoDimensionalFigure)
+(domain sideOfIntersection 2 TwoDimensionalFigure)
+(domain sideOfIntersection 3 OneDimensionalFigure)
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage sideOfIntersection "side of intersection")
+(format EnglishLanguage sideOfIntersection "%3 is the intersection %1 and %2" )
+
+(=>
+  (sideOfIntersection ?F1 ?F2 ?S)
+  (and
+    (sideOfFigure ?S ?F1)
+    (sideOfFigure ?S ?F2)))
 
+(instance Pyramid Polyhedron)
+(documentation Pyramid EnglishLanguage "In geometry, a &%Pyramid is a &%Polyhedron formed by connecting 
+a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called a lateral 
+face. A pyramid is a conic solid with a polygonal base.[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage Pyramid "pyramid")
 
+(=>
+  (and
+    (instance ?PY Pyramid)
+    (instance ?POL Polygon)
+    (faceOfFigure ?POL ?PY)
+    (sideOfFigure ?S ?POL)
+    (instance ?T Triangle)
+    (faceOfFigure ?T ?PY)
+    (sideOfFigure ?S ?T)
+    (sideOfIntersection ?POL ?T ?S))
+  (equal
+    (CardinalityFn
+      (KappaFn ?S
+        (sideOfFigure ?S ?POL)))
+    (CardinalityFn
+      (KappaFn ?T
+        (faceOfFigure ?T ?PY)))))
+
+(subAttribute SquarePyramid Pyramid)
+(documentation SquarePyramid EnglishLanguage "In geometry, a &%Pyramid is a &%Polyhedron formed by connecting 
+a polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called a lateral 
+face. A pyramid is a conic solid with a polygonal base.[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage SquarePyramid "square pyramid")
+
+(=>
+  (instance ?P SquarePyramid)
+  (exists (?S)
+    (and
+      (instance ?S Square)
+      (faceOfFigure ?S ?P))))
+
+(=>
+  (instance ?P SquarePyramid)
+  (equal
+    (CardinalityFn
+      (KappaFn ?F
+        (faceOfFigure ?F ?P))) 4))
+
+(instance Cube Polyhedron)
+(documentation Cube EnglishLanguage "In geometry, a &%Cube or regular hexahedron is a three-dimensional 
+solid object bounded by six congruent square faces, a type of polyhedron. It has twelve congruent edges 
+and eight vertices. It is a type of parallelepiped, with pairs of parallel opposite faces, and more 
+specifically a rhombohedron, with congruent edges, and a rectangular cuboid, with right angles between 
+pairs of intersecting faces and pairs of intersecting edges.[Wikipedia]")
+(termFormat EnglishLanguage Cube "cube")
+
+(=>
+  (instance ?C Cube)
+  (equal
+    (CardinalityFn
+      (KappaFn ?F
+        (faceOfFigure ?F ?C))) 6))
+
+(=>
+  (and
+    (instance ?C Cube)
+    (faceOfFigure ?S ?C))
+  (instance ?S Square))