chore: bump golang and dependencies

[qweeah]

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR bumps Golang to 1.23.4 and upgrades all related modules.

Please check the following list:

• Does the affected code have corresponding tests, e.g. unit test, E2E test?
• Does this change require a documentation update?
• Does this introduce breaking changes that would require an announcement or bumping the major version?
• Do all new files have an appropriate license header?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 82.87%. Comparing base (001980e) to head (5a076d0).
Report is 1 commits behind head on release-1.2.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff               @@
##           release-1.2    #1564      +/-   ##
===============================================
+ Coverage        82.82%   82.87%   +0.04%     
===============================================
  Files              107      107              
  Lines             4618     4618              
===============================================
+ Hits              3825     3827       +2     
+ Misses             564      562       -2     
  Partials           229      229              

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[shizhMSFT]

LGTM