server: move migration failure injection into instance specs

Make the server get migration failure injection device configuration
from an instance spec component instead of the config TOML. This is a
prelude to a larger change that will make the server stop depending on
config TOMLs entirely (in favor of giving clients a library they can use
to convert config TOMLs to instance spec components).

PHD still needs to be able to set different import/export failure
settings for migration sources and targets, so add the migration failure
device to the set of components that can be replaced during preamble
processing.

Tests: cargo test, PHD.

bin/propolis-server/src/lib/initializer.rs

@@ -783,49 +783,29 @@ impl<'a> MachineInitializer<'a> {
     }
 
     #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
-    pub fn initialize_test_devices(
-        &mut self,
-        toml_cfg: &std::collections::BTreeMap<
-            String,
-            propolis_server_config::Device,
-        >,
-    ) {
+    pub fn initialize_test_devices(&mut self) {
         use propolis::hw::testdev::{
             MigrationFailureDevice, MigrationFailures,
         };
 
-        if let Some(dev) = toml_cfg.get(MigrationFailureDevice::NAME) {
-            const FAIL_EXPORTS: &str = "fail_exports";
-            const FAIL_IMPORTS: &str = "fail_imports";
-            let fail_exports = dev
-                .options
-                .get(FAIL_EXPORTS)
-                .and_then(|val| val.as_integer())
-                .unwrap_or(0);
-            let fail_imports = dev
-                .options
-                .get(FAIL_IMPORTS)
-                .and_then(|val| val.as_integer())
-                .unwrap_or(0);
-
-            if fail_exports <= 0 && fail_imports <= 0 {
+        if let Some(mig) = &self.spec.migration_failure {
+            if mig.spec.fail_exports == 0 && mig.spec.fail_imports == 0 {
                 info!(
                     self.log,
-                    "migration failure device will not fail, as both
-                    `{FAIL_EXPORTS}` and `{FAIL_IMPORTS}` are 0";
-                    FAIL_EXPORTS => ?fail_exports,
-                    FAIL_IMPORTS => ?fail_imports,
+                    "migration failure device's failure counts are both 0";
+                    "device_spec" => ?mig.spec
                 );
             }
 
             let dev = MigrationFailureDevice::create(
                 &self.log,
                 MigrationFailures {
-                    exports: fail_exports as usize,
-                    imports: fail_imports as usize,
+                    exports: mig.spec.fail_exports as usize,
+                    imports: mig.spec.fail_imports as usize,
                 },
             );
-            self.devices.insert(MigrationFailureDevice::NAME.into(), dev);
+
+            self.devices.insert(mig.name.clone(), dev);
         }
     }
 

bin/propolis-server/src/lib/migrate/preamble.rs

@@ -78,6 +78,27 @@ impl Preamble {
                 ComponentV0::VirtioNetworkBackend(nic.backend_spec.clone());
         }
 
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+        if let Some(mig) = &target_spec.migration_failure {
+            let Some(to_amend) = source_spec.components.get_mut(&mig.name)
+            else {
+                return Err(MigrateError::InstanceSpecsIncompatible(format!(
+                    "replacement component {} not in source spec",
+                    mig.name
+                )));
+            };
+
+            if !matches!(to_amend, ComponentV0::MigrationFailureInjector(_)) {
+                return Err(MigrateError::InstanceSpecsIncompatible(format!(
+                    "component {} is not a migration failure injector \
+                            in the source spec",
+                    mig.name
+                )));
+            }
+
+            *to_amend = ComponentV0::MigrationFailureInjector(mig.spec.clone());
+        }
+
         let amended_spec =
             source_spec.try_into().map_err(|e: ApiSpecError| {
                 MigrateError::PreambleParse(e.to_string())

bin/propolis-server/src/lib/spec/api_spec_v0.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ use super::{
     StorageDevice,
 };
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+use super::MigrationFailure;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
 use super::SoftNpuPort;
 
@@ -40,9 +43,9 @@ pub(crate) enum ApiSpecError {
     #[error("network backend {backend} not found for device {device}")]
     NetworkBackendNotFound { backend: String, device: String },
 
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "falcon"))]
-    #[error("softnpu component {0} compiled out")]
-    SoftNpuCompiledOut(String),
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    #[error("support for component {0} compiled out")]
+    FeatureCompiledOut(String),
 
     #[error("backend {0} not used by any device")]
     BackendNotUsed(String),
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ impl From<Spec> for InstanceSpecV0 {
             serial,
             pci_pci_bridges,
             pvpanic,
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+            migration_failure,
             #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
             softnpu,
         } = val;
@@ -151,6 +156,15 @@ impl From<Spec> for InstanceSpecV0 {
             );
         }
 
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+        if let Some(mig) = migration_failure {
+            insert_component(
+                &mut spec,
+                mig.name,
+                ComponentV0::MigrationFailureInjector(mig.spec),
+            );
+        }
+
         #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
         {
             if let Some(softnpu_pci) = softnpu.pci_port {
@@ -292,12 +306,23 @@ impl TryFrom<InstanceSpecV0> for Spec {
                     // apply it to the builder later.
                     boot_settings = Some((device_name, settings));
                 }
+                #[cfg(feature = "omicron-build")]
+                ComponentV0::MigrationFailureInjector(_) => {
+                    return Err(ApiSpecError::FeatureCompiledOut(device_name));
+                }
+                #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+                ComponentV0::MigrationFailureInjector(mig) => {
+                    builder.add_migration_failure_device(MigrationFailure {
+                        name: device_name,
+                        spec: mig,
+                    })?;
+                }
                 #[cfg(not(feature = "falcon"))]
                 ComponentV0::SoftNpuPciPort(_)
                 | ComponentV0::SoftNpuPort(_)
                 | ComponentV0::SoftNpuP9(_)
                 | ComponentV0::P9fs(_) => {
-                    return Err(ApiSpecError::SoftNpuCompiledOut(device_name));
+                    return Err(ApiSpecError::FeatureCompiledOut(device_name));
                 }
                 #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
                 ComponentV0::SoftNpuPciPort(port) => {

bin/propolis-server/src/lib/spec/builder.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ use super::{
     Board, BootOrderEntry, BootSettings, Disk, Nic, QemuPvpanic, SerialPort,
 };
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+use super::MigrationFailure;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
 use super::{ParsedSoftNpu, SoftNpuPort};
 
@@ -59,6 +62,10 @@ pub(crate) enum SpecBuilderError {
     #[error("pvpanic device already specified")]
     PvpanicInUse,
 
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+    #[error("migration failure injection already enabled")]
+    MigrationFailureInjectionInUse,
+
     #[error("boot settings were already specified")]
     BootSettingsInUse,
 
@@ -367,6 +374,24 @@ impl SpecBuilder {
         Ok(self)
     }
 
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+    pub fn add_migration_failure_device(
+        &mut self,
+        mig: MigrationFailure,
+    ) -> Result<&Self, SpecBuilderError> {
+        if self.component_names.contains(&mig.name) {
+            return Err(SpecBuilderError::ComponentNameInUse(mig.name));
+        }
+
+        if self.spec.migration_failure.is_some() {
+            return Err(SpecBuilderError::MigrationFailureInjectionInUse);
+        }
+
+        self.component_names.insert(mig.name.clone());
+        self.spec.migration_failure = Some(mig);
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
     pub fn set_softnpu_com4(
         &mut self,

bin/propolis-server/src/lib/spec/mod.rs

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ use propolis_api_types::instance_spec::{
 };
 use thiserror::Error;
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+use propolis_api_types::instance_spec::components::devices::MigrationFailureInjector;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
 use propolis_api_types::instance_spec::components::{
     backends::DlpiNetworkBackend,
@@ -71,6 +74,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Spec {
     pub pci_pci_bridges: HashMap<String, PciPciBridge>,
     pub pvpanic: Option<QemuPvpanic>,
 
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+    pub migration_failure: Option<MigrationFailure>,
+
     #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
     pub softnpu: SoftNpu,
 }
@@ -278,6 +284,13 @@ pub struct QemuPvpanic {
     pub spec: QemuPvpanicDesc,
 }
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct MigrationFailure {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub spec: MigrationFailureInjector,
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "falcon")]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct SoftNpuPort {

bin/propolis-server/src/lib/vm/ensure.rs

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ async fn initialize_vm_objects(
     init.initialize_network_devices(&chipset).await?;
 
     #[cfg(not(feature = "omicron-build"))]
-    init.initialize_test_devices(&options.toml_config.devices);
+    init.initialize_test_devices();
     #[cfg(feature = "omicron-build")]
     info!(log, "`omicron-build` feature enabled, ignoring any test devices");
 

crates/propolis-api-types/src/instance_spec/components/devices.rs

@@ -185,3 +185,18 @@ pub struct P9fs {
     /// The PCI path at which to attach the guest to this P9 filesystem.
     pub pci_path: PciPath,
 }
+
+/// Describes a synthetic device that registers for VM lifecycle notifications
+/// and returns errors during attempts to migrate.
+///
+/// This is only supported by Propolis servers compiled without the
+/// `omicron-build` feature.
+#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, JsonSchema)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct MigrationFailureInjector {
+    /// The number of times this device should fail requests to export state.
+    pub fail_exports: u32,
+
+    /// The number of times this device should fail requests to import state.
+    pub fail_imports: u32,
+}

crates/propolis-api-types/src/instance_spec/v0.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ pub enum ComponentV0 {
     SoftNpuPort(components::devices::SoftNpuPort),
     SoftNpuP9(components::devices::SoftNpuP9),
     P9fs(components::devices::P9fs),
+    MigrationFailureInjector(components::devices::MigrationFailureInjector),
     CrucibleStorageBackend(components::backends::CrucibleStorageBackend),
     FileStorageBackend(components::backends::FileStorageBackend),
     BlobStorageBackend(components::backends::BlobStorageBackend),

lib/propolis/src/hw/testdev.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub struct MigrationFailures {
 struct MigrationFailurePayloadV1 {}
 
 impl MigrationFailureDevice {
-    pub const NAME: &'static str = "test-migration-failure";
+    const NAME: &'static str = "test-migration-failure";
 
     pub fn create(log: &slog::Logger, fail: MigrationFailures) -> Arc<Self> {
         let log =

openapi/propolis-server.json

@@ -783,6 +783,25 @@
             ],
             "additionalProperties": false
           },
+          {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "component": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/MigrationFailureInjector"
+              },
+              "type": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": [
+                  "MigrationFailureInjector"
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": [
+              "component",
+              "type"
+            ],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
           {
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {
@@ -1571,6 +1590,29 @@
           "vcr_json"
         ]
       },
+      "MigrationFailureInjector": {
+        "description": "Describes a synthetic device that registers for VM lifecycle notifications and returns errors during attempts to migrate.\n\nThis is only supported by Propolis servers compiled without the `omicron-build` feature.",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "fail_exports": {
+            "description": "The number of times this device should fail requests to export state.",
+            "type": "integer",
+            "format": "uint32",
+            "minimum": 0
+          },
+          "fail_imports": {
+            "description": "The number of times this device should fail requests to import state.",
+            "type": "integer",
+            "format": "uint32",
+            "minimum": 0
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "fail_exports",
+          "fail_imports"
+        ],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
       "MigrationState": {
         "type": "string",
         "enum": [