Fix constant CI failures with protobuf installation, match core repo

[timvisee]

We had constant CI errors due to inconsistent protobuf versions.

This updates our CI to use the same way of installing protobuf related dependencies as we do in the core repository here: https://github.com/qdrant/qdrant/blob/5c29cad76edc4fe33882d385c02633352666d67e/.github/workflows/rust.yml#L24-L27

All Submissions:

• Contributions should target the dev branch. Did you create your branch from dev?
• Have you followed the guidelines in our Contributing document?
• Have you checked to ensure there aren't other open Pull Requests for the same update/change?

New Feature Submissions:

1. Does your submission pass tests?
2. Have you formatted your code locally using cargo +nightly fmt --all command prior to submission?
3. Have you checked your code using cargo clippy --all --all-features command?