Remove cudf._lib.transpose in favor of inlining pylibcudf (#17365)

Contributes to #17317

Authors:
  - Matthew Roeschke (https://github.com/mroeschke)

Approvers:
  - Matthew Murray (https://github.com/Matt711)
  - Kyle Edwards (https://github.com/KyleFromNVIDIA)

URL: #17365

python/cudf/cudf/_lib/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ set(cython_sources
     text.pyx
     timezone.pyx
     transform.pyx
-    transpose.pyx
     types.pyx
     utils.pyx
 )

python/cudf/cudf/_lib/__init__.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
     strings_udf,
     text,
     timezone,
-    transpose,
 )
 
 MAX_COLUMN_SIZE = np.iinfo(np.int32).max

python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py

@@ -4113,7 +4113,15 @@ def transpose(self):
         if any(c.dtype != source_columns[0].dtype for c in source_columns):
             raise ValueError("Columns must all have the same dtype")
 
-        result_columns = libcudf.transpose.transpose(source_columns)
+        result_table = plc.transpose.transpose(
+            plc.table.Table(
+                [col.to_pylibcudf(mode="read") for col in source_columns]
+            )
+        )
+        result_columns = [
+            libcudf.column.Column.from_pylibcudf(col, data_ptr_exposed=True)
+            for col in result_table.columns()
+        ]
 
         if isinstance(source_dtype, cudf.CategoricalDtype):
             result_columns = [