Enumerations for Go

• Make simple Go enumerations work well for you using this easy-to-use code generator.

You could use stringer here or a related alterative here. But they both depend on your code compiling cleanly.

Sometimes, the code generation gets in the way because you can't compile without the generated code and you can't generate the code without compiling.

That's where this tool steps in. It has a basic Go source code parser that finds idiomatic enumerations, as shown below. It runs on any source code that's "clean enough", even if the source code is still incomplete. Provided your type is ok and your const is complete, you'll be fine.

It will not handle C-style comments though, so these must not be present. The normal double-slash is OK.

First, Install

go get github.com/rickb777/enumeration/v3
go install github.com/rickb777/enumeration/v3

You should see that the enumeration binary is now in the bin folder on your GOPATH. Make sure this is on your PATH so it can be run.

Now, write some Go

For example,

type Day int

const (
	Sunday Day = iota
	Monday
	Tuesday
	Wednesday
	Thursday
	Friday
	Partyday
	numberOfDays  // this constant is not exported but is included in the enumeration
)

this example comes from the Go Language Reference.

Another example, which also includes the optional go:generate line,

//go:generate enumeration -type Month

type Month uint

const (
	January, February, March    Month = 1, 2, 3
	April, May, June            Month = 4, 5, 6
	July, August, September     Month = 7, 8, 9
	October, November, December Month = 10, 11, 12
)

Note that the full Go language specification is flexible, allowing several alternative equivalent syntaxes for declaring constants. The enumeration tool only handles the most common two cases, illustrated above.

Above, Month is based on uint; the base type does not have to be an int; any integer or float base type can be used, for example

type Base float32

const (
	// Nucleotide Molecular Weights, g/mol
	A Base = 331.2
	C Base = 307.2
	G Base = 347.2
	T Base = 322.2
)

There is one other restriction: the type declaration must be before the constants, as it does in all the examples above. White-space should be canonically formatted using gofmt before using the tool (the results are unpredictable otherwise). (This is because of the limited parser used, for the reasons given earlier.)

Although the default behaviour is to generate strings for each enumeration value which match the constants you declared, you can take full control and override this with your own lookup table. The -using argument needed:

//go:generate enumeration -type Day -using shortDayNames

type Day int

const (
	Sunday Day = iota
	Monday
	Tuesday
	Wednesday
	Thursday
	Friday
)

var shortDayNames = map[Day]string{
    Sunday:    "Su",
    Monday:    "Mo",
    Tuesday:   "Tu",
    Wednesday: "We",
    Thursday:  "Th",
    Friday:    "Fr",
}

Just occasionally, you might have several enumerations in the same package and you need to avoid their identifiers clashing. This is easy to control using the -prefix and -suffix options. Here's an example using a suffix; prefixes are similar and you can have both if you want.

//go:generate enumeration -lc -type SalesChannel -suffix Sales

type SalesChannel int

const (
    _              SalesChannel = iota
    OnlineSales                 // represented as "online"
    InstoreSales                // represented as "instore"
    TelephoneSales              // represented as "telephone"
)

If you want more control of the strings used for JSON and for SQL marshaling, structured comments can be used. In this example, the String() method, the JSON string and the SQL value will all be different values.

//go:generate enumeration -ic -type SalesChannel

type SalesChannel int

const (
    _          SalesChannel = iota
    Online                  // json:"webshop" sql:"o" -- String() is "online"
    Instore                 // json:"store"   sql:"s" -- String() is "instore"
    Telephone               // json:"phone"   sql:"t" -- String() is "telephone"
)

Structured comments are deliberately similar to Go struct tags. The supported tags are text (for MarshalText/UnmarshalText), json (for MarshalJSON/UnmarshalJSON) and sql (for Value/Scan); these can be used in any combination; also all sets a value for all of them.

//go:generate enumeration -ic -type SalesChannel

type SalesChannel int

const (
    _          SalesChannel = iota
    Online                  // all:"webshop"
    Instore                 // all:"store"
    Telephone               // all:"phone"
)

When present, these tags override the -marshaltext, -marshaljson and/or -store options described below. They also override the -uc, -ic and -lc case modifiers on the corresponding marshal methods.

Next, Run The Tool

For example:

enumeration -i example/sample1.go -type Base -package example

Options are:

• -type <name>

  • the name of the primary Go type for which code generation is being used.

• -plural <name>

  • the plural equivalent for the name of the primary Go type. This is optional and the default is to use the type name and append letter 's', as is common for many English nouns. For example, with -type Party, you might usefully specify -plural Parties.

• -prefix <prefix>

  • a prefix at the start of every identifier in the enumeration that is not included in the String representation.

• -suffix <suffix>

  • a suffix at the end of every identifier in the enumeration that is not included in the String representation.

• -i <name> or -input <name>

  • the name of the input Go source file containing the type and const declarations.

• -o <name> or -output <name>

  • the name of the output Go source file to be written. If omitted, <type>_enum.go is used.

• -package <name>

  • the name of the Go package. If omitted, the directory of the output file will be used if specified, or the current directory name otherwise.

• -s

  • generate a simple enumeration without parsing methods.

• -lc

  • convert to lower case the string representations of the enumeration values.

• -uc

  • convert to upper case the string representations of the enumeration values.

• -ic

  • ignore the case when parsing, but don't convert the case of the string representations of the enumeration values.

• -unsnake

  • convert underscores in identifiers to spaces (e.g. Hello_world becomes "Hello world"). When parsing, each underscore is treated as a space.

• -alias <map-name>

  • declare a var <map-name> = map[string]Type{ ... } that gives aliases to be recognised during parsing. Each value of Type can have as many aliases as you need.

• -marshaltext <as>

  • changes the way that text is marshaled (in JSON or XML) to be one of identifier, number or ordinal (can be overridden by the text struct tab, above).

• -marshaljson <as>

  • changes the way that JSON is marshaled (not XML) to be one of identifier, number or ordinal (can be overridden by the json struct tab, above).

• -store <as>

  • changes the way that values are stored in a DB to be one of identifier, number or ordinal (can be overridden by the sql struct tab, above).

• -lenient

  • when the Parse method is given a number, this allows parsing to yield invalid values (normally parsing an unrecognised number will yield an error). Using this with -marshaltext number means the enumeration is an open set of which some values have names.

• -f

  • force output generation; if this is not set, the output file is only produced when it is is absent or when it is older than the input file.

• -v

  • verbose info messages

• -version

  • print the version and exit.

The option parser will also infer the source and output file names, so it is also permitted to use

enumeration -type Base

when this matches your needs. This example would try to read from base.go and write to base_enum.go.

Generated Go

The generated code complements your type and const definitions as follows. Let's assume that you wrote the Day type above. You will get these simple methods and fields:

• func (d Day) String() string

  • Converts Day values to strings and satisfies the well-known Stringer interface. The strings are the human-readable names as written in the list of constants.

• func (d Day) Ordinal() int

  • Converts Day values into their ordinal numbers, i.e. the indexes indicating the order in which you declared the constants, starting from zero. These may happen to be the same as the values you chose, but need not be. For invalid Day values, Ordinal() returns -1.

• func (d Day) IsValid() bool

  • Tests whether a given value is one of the defined Day constants. Type conversion allows possibly out-of range values to be created; these can be tested with this method. IsValid() is related to Ordinal() because all valid values have an ordinal >= 0.

• func (d Day) Int() int

  • Converts Day values into their int values, i.e. just the value of the constant int. This is merely a type conversion to int, but conveniently matches the enum.IntEnum interface, allowing polymorphism. This method is only present when the base type is any integer type.

• func (d Day) Float() float64

  • Converts Day values into their float values, i.e. just the value of the constant float. This is merely a type conversion to float64, but conveniently matches the enum.FloatEnum interface, allowing polymorphism. This method is only present when the base type is float32 or float64.

• var AllDays = []Day{ ... }

  • Provides all the Day values in a single slice. This is particularly useful if you need to iterate over them. Usually, the identifier name depends on the name of your type, but it can be overridden using -plural.

• var AllDayEnums = enum.IntEnums{ ... }

  • Provides all the Day values in a single slice, held using an interface for polymorphism. The slice type would instead be enum.FloatEnums if the base type is float32 or float64.

Parsing and serializing methods

Unless you specify 'simple mode' (-s), you will also get these methods:

• func DayOf(o int) Day

  • Converts an ordinal to a Day value, if it can. The name of this function depends on the name of your type (DayOf in this example). The related type conversion Day(i) should be used when converting a value instead of an ordinal.

• func (d *Day) Parse(s string) error

  • Converts a string representation to a Day value, if it can, then assigns it to d. If s holds an integer, it is treated as a number (or possibly as an ordinal) and will result in the corresponding value. Numbers must be within the valid Day range unless -lenient was specified. Ordinals are not normally used but will be expected when the -marshaltext ordinal or -store ordinal options are specified.

• func AsDay(s string) (Day, error), func MustParseDay(s string) Day

  • Converts a string representation to a Day value, if it can. The function name depends on the name of your type (AsDay and MustParseDay in this example). These functions are a convenient wrapper for the Parse method.

If you used the -marshaltext option or text struct tags, you will also get:

• encoding.TextMarshaler, encoding.TextUnmarshaler
  • Provides methods to satisfy these interfaces so that your enumeration can be easily used by XML and other codecs in the standard Go library.

If you used the -marshaljson option or json struct tags, you will also get:

• json.Marshaler, json.Unmarshaler
  • Provides methods to satisfy these interfaces so that your enumeration can be easily used by JSON codecs in the standard Go library.

If you used the -store option or sql struct tags, you will also get:

• sql.Scanner, driver.Valuer
  • Provides methods to satisfy these two interfaces so that your enumeration can be easily used by SQL drivers in the standard Go library. Note that driver.Valuer is provided as a template for you to copy if you need it; otherwise the SQL driver will automatically make use of the numeric values of enumerations.

Other items generated:

• var dayMarshalNumber

  • This unexported var is a function that converts values to strings using strconv.FormatInt or strconv.FormatFloat. Within the same package, you can replace this function with your own.

• func (d Day) Text() and func (d Day) JSON()

  • These are present whenever MarshalText / MarshalJSON methods are generated and are using the identifier or a struct tag. They return the corresponding values as string (with silent errors). Note that JSON() does not quote strings, unlike MarshalJSON.

Other Use Options

This tool is compatible with go generate - more. However, go generate may not always work if the code is still incomplete and doesn't yet compile, in which case you can just run enumeration directly on the command line.

Credits

Thanks are due to others for their earlier work. Notable is the earlier stringer here by Rob Pike or a related alterative here by Matt Sherman.