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Update 2023-11-11-linalglinconstcoef.md
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smashmath committed Nov 14, 2023
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Expand Up @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ so $$\frac{Be^{\lambda t}}{p(\lambda)}$$ is a particular solution. Okay, that's

No, but really, it is that simple. We get $$\frac{Be^{\lambda t}}{p(\lambda)}$$ as a preimage of $$Be^{\lambda t}$$ because it's an eigenvector, and we can just divide by the eigenvalue when it's nonzero.

We can use some of our techniques here to get the generalized exponential response formula as well. However, it requires a result I don't feel like proving:
We can use some of our techniques here to get the generalized exponential response formula (GERF) as well. However, it requires a result I don't feel like proving:

**$$p^{(k)}(\lambda)=0$$ for $$0\leq k<m$$ and $$p^{(m)}(\lambda)\neq0$$ if and only if $$\lambda$$ is a root of $$p(x)$$ with multiplicity exactly $$m$$. And $$p(x)=q(x)(x-\lambda)^m$$ where $$q(\lambda)=\frac{p^{(m)}(\lambda)}{m!}\neq0$$**

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ $$p(D)y=0\implies (D-\lambda)q(D)y=0$$

$$\implies q(D)y\in\ker(D-\lambda)$$

\eqref{kerda} then tells us that $$q(D)y=Ce^{\lambda t}$$ for some $$C$$. Let us first consider $$q(D)y=e^{\lambda t}$$ (as we can multiply the particular solution by $$C$$ to get a solution to the preceding equation). We know we can get some particular solution $$y_p$$ to $$q(D)y=e^{\lambda t}$$ using the ERF.
\eqref{kerda} then tells us that $$q(D)y=Ce^{\lambda t}$$ for some $$C$$. Let us first consider $$q(D)y=e^{\lambda t}$$ (as we can multiply the particular solution by $$C$$ to get a solution to the preceding equation). We know we can get some particular solution $$y_p$$ to $$q(D)y=e^{\lambda t}$$ using the GERF.

That is, $$y_p$$ is a preimage of $$e^{\lambda t}$$ under $$q(D)$$, so the general solution to $$q(D)y=e^{\lambda t}$$ is $$y=c_1y_1+\ldots+c_ny_n+y_p$$, where $$y_1,\ldots,y_n$$ is a basis for $$\ker(q(D))$$ (guaranteed to be size $$n$$ by the inductive hypothesis) by the preimage theorem.

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