v1.18: Adds more info to panic message in AccountsHashVerifier (backport of #35353)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #35353 done by Mergify.

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[brooksprumo]

Justification for backporting:

So far this issue has been difficult to debug, as it often depends on the state of the machine (and filesystem) when the panic occurs. Without this backport, then we are effectively saying that we are OK with v1.18 not aiding in debugging. And then likely we would not backport a fix either (because if we aren't willing to backport debug info, why would we suddenly be OK with a more invasive fix).

[brooksprumo]

Review requests:

• @steviez and @jeffwashington since you both reviewed the original PR
• @willhickey since you own the release branches/process
• @sakridge for the extra eyes on backports

[steviez]

I'm good with the BP; the changes have a very narrow scope and will provide additional insight to debug a panic that we're seeing intermittently

[jeffwashington]

lgtm

[willhickey]

Approved for beta

[brooksprumo]

@sakridge Can I get your review on this backport?

[sakridge]

lgtm