ci: Cache dependencies to speed up test runs

[shahzadlone]

Relevant issue(s)

Resolves #2735

Description

In this PR we cache go and rust build/dep states, and restore them if an action run has same dependency graph. Go cache is around 877 MB and cargo/rust cache is about 189MB (99MB for macos) so we can roughly have room for 5 caches (x1 for linux and x1 for macos) before a cache is dropped / lost.

Notes:

• Github gives us 10GB of cache storage by default.
• Rather than going with the standard practice of using lockfiles to generate the caching key we will use the mod and toml files, in order to maximize cache hits. Incase troublesome we can go back to lockfiles.
• This change does not help the change detector. IMO change detector should move to a separate job, or a new workflow file. (opened split change detector action into a separate job, or a separate workflow completely #2736)

Demo

• Without cache run (current state): https://github.com/sourcenetwork/defradb/actions/runs/9554784255?pr=2732

• With cache run (after this PR): https://github.com/sourcenetwork/defradb/actions/runs/9555174699

How has this been tested?

• Manual
• act tool

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 78.11%. Comparing base (38f9b9f) to head (d9f54c3).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #2732      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    78.12%   78.11%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files          310      310              
  Lines        23188    23188              
===========================================
- Hits         18115    18112       -3     
- Misses        3693     3694       +1     
- Partials      1380     1382       +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
all-tests	78.11% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

see 11 files with indirect coverage changes

---

Continue to review full report in Codecov by Sentry.

Legend - Click here to learn more
Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
Powered by Codecov. Last update 38f9b9f...d9f54c3. Read the comment docs.

[AndrewSisley]

LGTM! Thanks a whole load for this Shahzad :)