JP-3116: Do not create observation-only Level 2 associations if part of a background candidate

[tapastro]

Resolves JP-3116

Closes #7819

This PR adds conditional behavior for association generation for DMS; when generating associations for a observation candidate ("o-type"), any science exposures belonging to a background ("c-type") candidate are dropped from consideration. This PR propagates the DMS flag of asn_generate down to the appropriate function where the new functionality was added.

Currently in draft; this PR as currently written also modifies level 3 association behavior, which is not strictly part of the JIRA ticket request.

Tasks

• request a review from someone specific, to avoid making the maintainers review every PR
• add a build milestone, i.e. Build 11.3 (use the latest build if not sure)
• Does this PR change user-facing code / API? (if not, label with no-changelog-entry-needed)
  • write news fragment(s) in changes/: echo "changed something" > changes/<PR#>.<changetype>.rst (see below for change types)
  • update or add relevant tests
  • update relevant docstrings and / or docs/ page
  • start a regression test and include a link to the running job (click here for instructions)
    • Do truth files need to be updated ("okified")?
      • after the reviewer has approved these changes, run okify_regtests to update the truth files
• if a JIRA ticket exists, make sure it is resolved properly

news fragment change types...

• changes/<PR#>.general.rst: infrastructure or miscellaneous change
• changes/<PR#>.docs.rst
• changes/<PR#>.stpipe.rst
• changes/<PR#>.datamodels.rst
• changes/<PR#>.scripts.rst
• changes/<PR#>.fits_generator.rst
• changes/<PR#>.set_telescope_pointing.rst
• changes/<PR#>.pipeline.rst

stage 1

• changes/<PR#>.group_scale.rst
• changes/<PR#>.dq_init.rst
• changes/<PR#>.emicorr.rst
• changes/<PR#>.saturation.rst
• changes/<PR#>.ipc.rst
• changes/<PR#>.firstframe.rst
• changes/<PR#>.lastframe.rst
• changes/<PR#>.reset.rst
• changes/<PR#>.superbias.rst
• changes/<PR#>.refpix.rst
• changes/<PR#>.linearity.rst
• changes/<PR#>.rscd.rst
• changes/<PR#>.persistence.rst
• changes/<PR#>.dark_current.rst
• changes/<PR#>.charge_migration.rst
• changes/<PR#>.jump.rst
• changes/<PR#>.clean_flicker_noise.rst
• changes/<PR#>.ramp_fitting.rst
• changes/<PR#>.gain_scale.rst

stage 2

• changes/<PR#>.assign_wcs.rst
• changes/<PR#>.badpix_selfcal.rst
• changes/<PR#>.msaflagopen.rst
• changes/<PR#>.nsclean.rst
• changes/<PR#>.imprint.rst
• changes/<PR#>.background.rst
• changes/<PR#>.extract_2d.rst
• changes/<PR#>.master_background.rst
• changes/<PR#>.wavecorr.rst
• changes/<PR#>.srctype.rst
• changes/<PR#>.straylight.rst
• changes/<PR#>.wfss_contam.rst
• changes/<PR#>.flatfield.rst
• changes/<PR#>.fringe.rst
• changes/<PR#>.pathloss.rst
• changes/<PR#>.barshadow.rst
• changes/<PR#>.photom.rst
• changes/<PR#>.pixel_replace.rst
• changes/<PR#>.resample_spec.rst
• changes/<PR#>.residual_fringe.rst
• changes/<PR#>.cube_build.rst
• changes/<PR#>.extract_1d.rst
• changes/<PR#>.resample.rst

stage 3

• changes/<PR#>.assign_mtwcs.rst
• changes/<PR#>.mrs_imatch.rst
• changes/<PR#>.tweakreg.rst
• changes/<PR#>.skymatch.rst
• changes/<PR#>.exp_to_source.rst
• changes/<PR#>.outlier_detection.rst
• changes/<PR#>.tso_photometry.rst
• changes/<PR#>.stack_refs.rst
• changes/<PR#>.align_refs.rst
• changes/<PR#>.klip.rst
• changes/<PR#>.spectral_leak.rst
• changes/<PR#>.source_catalog.rst
• changes/<PR#>.combine_1d.rst
• changes/<PR#>.ami.rst

other

• changes/<PR#>.wfs_combine.rst
• changes/<PR#>.white_light.rst
• changes/<PR#>.cube_skymatch.rst
• changes/<PR#>.engdb_tools.rst
• changes/<PR#>.guider_cds.rst

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.00000% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.35%. Comparing base (92086e9) to head (bf3dd87).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...t/associations/generator/generate_per_candidate.py	87.50%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #9098   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   78.35%   78.35%           
=======================================
  Files         505      505           
  Lines       46057    46065    +8     
=======================================
+ Hits        36087    36094    +7     
- Misses       9970     9971    +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
nightly	77.78% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️	Carriedforward from 92086e9

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[tapastro]

Regtests including new coverage started here: https://github.com/spacetelescope/RegressionTests/actions/runs/13061128511