Add rain QC and neutral wind operator for scatwind

[cyemeng]

Add real-time rain QC and neutral wind observation operator for scatterometer wind.

TYPE:

new feature

KEYWORDS:

scatterometer wind, quality control, neutral wind, observation operator

SOURCE

Cui Yemeng (NUIST)

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES:

Problem:

1. The rain contamination in scatterometer wind data can not be fully feliminated by the operational QC method.
2. The default observation operator of scatterometer act on the wind at lowest model level, and the level height is normally higher than the scatteromerter wind height (10 meter). This will cause systemmatically bias beween model and observation. Besides, the scatterometer wind is the neutral wind that ignores the stability of surface layer, but the WRFDA theat it as normal wind observation.

Solution:
We use real-time rain to detect the rain contamination in scatterometer wind. The real-time rain comes from model background forecast rain.

Chen, Y., Cui, Y., Lin, W., Liu, J., Sun, C., Lang, S., 2023. The impacts of assimilating CFOSAT scatterometer winds for Typhoon cases based on real-time rain quality control. Atmospheric Research 285, 106621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106621

Besides, we impliements the neutral wind observation operator as ECMWF

Hersbach, H., 2010. Assimilation of scatterometer data as equivalent-neutral wind. ECMWF.

LIST OF MODIFIED FILES:

M       Registry/Registry.EM_COMMON
M       Registry/Registry.EM_COMMON.var
M       Registry/registry.var
M       var/da/da_qscat/da_get_innov_vector_qscat.inc
A       var/da/da_qscat/da_qc_qscat.inc
M       var/da/da_qscat/da_qscat.f90
M       var/da/da_qscat/da_transform_xtoy_qscat.inc
M       var/da/da_qscat/da_transform_xtoy_qscat_adj.inc

TESTS CONDUCTED:

Built with hdf5 netcdf netcdf-fortran module.

RELEASE NOTE: Include a stand-alone message suitable for the inclusion in the minor and annual releases. A publication citation is appropriate.

[weiwangncar]

The regression test results:

Test Type              | Expected  | Received |  Failed
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =  = = = =
Number of Tests        : 23           24
Number of Builds       : 60           57
Number of Simulations  : 158           150        0
Number of Comparisons  : 95           86        0

Failed Simulations are: 
None
Which comparisons are not bit-for-bit: 
None

[weiwangncar]

@liujake @junmeiban Can you review this PR?

[liujake]

@weiwangncar This one will NOT go in this time for v4.6. Will consider it in a future time.