BASIC AND Operator

AND

TYPE: BASIC Logical Operator

FORMAT: numeric AND numeric

Action:

Action: AND is used in Boolean operations to test bits. It is also used in operations to check the truth of both operands.

In Boolean algebra, the result of an AND operation is 1 only if both numbers being ANDed are 1. The result is 0 if either or both is 0 (false).

EXAMPLES of 1-Bit AND operation:

            0         1         0         1
        AND 0     AND 0     AND 1     AND 1
       ------     -----     -----     -----
            0         0         0         1

The Aquarius performs the AND operation on numbers in the range from -32768 to +32767. Any fractional values are not used, and numbers beyond the range will cause an ?ILLEGAL QUANTITY error message. When converted to binary format, the range allowed yields 16 bits for each number. Corresponding bits are ANDed together, forming a 16-bit result in the same range.

EXAMPLES of AND Operator:

                                17
                           AND 194
                          --------
                  0000000000010001
              AND 0000000011000010
        --------------------------
         (BINARY) 0000000000000000
        --------------------------
        (DECIMAL)                0

                             32007
                         AND 28761
                        ----------
                  0111110100000111
              AND 0111000001011001
        --------------------------
         (BINARY) 0111000000000001
        --------------------------
        (DECIMAL)            28673

                              -241
                         AND 15359
                        ----------
                  1111111100001111
              AND 0011101111111111
        --------------------------
         (BINARY) 0011101100001111
        --------------------------
        (DECIMAL)            15119

When evaluating a number for truth or falsehood, the computer assumes the number is true as long as its value isn't 0. When evaluating a comparison, it assigns a value of -1 if the result is true, while false has a value of 0. In binary format, -1 is all 1's and 0 is all 0's. Therefore, when ANDing true/false evaluations, the result will be true if any bits in the result are true.

EXAMPLES of Using AND with True/False Evaluations:

  50 IF X=7 AND W=3 THEN GOTO 10: REM ONLY TRUE IF BOTH X=7 AND W=3 ARE TRUE
  60 IF A AND Q=7 THEN GOTO 10: REM TRUE IF A IS NON-ZERO AND Q=7 IS TRUE

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